BIO REM® USA, INC.
"Soil & Water Decontamination Specialists"
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS & SERVICES
BIO REM® USA, INC.
"Soil & Water Decontamination Specialists"
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS & SERVICES
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BIO-REM INTERNATIONAL, INC.
ENZYME
PRODUCING CAPACITY OF THE H-l0™ PRODUCT
AND
THE EFFECT OF THE ENZYME ACTION
It
has been difficult to explain the action of Bio-Rem's H-10~ as they penetrate
the soil in search of the hydrocarbons so necessary for their survival. It is
this need and capacity of soil penetration that makes Bio Rem's H-l0™ ideal
for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon contamination. The soil penetration
ability is due to the enzymes naturally produced by the activation of the H-10TM
product. NOTHING HAS BEEN ADDED TO INCREASE THE EVER PRESENT ENZYME PRODUCING
CAPACITY OF THE H-l0™ PRODUCT.
On
March 1st and 2nd of 1993 a conference was held in Lansing, Michigan by CoBioReM
(Cooperative Bioremediation Research for Michigan) .The Michigan Department of
Natural Resources and The Michigan Universities Hazardous Waste Management
Consortium were among the sponsors of the conference. CoBioReM is a
cooperative venture to study the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in
soils and groundwater and the goal of the study is:
"To
develop a socially and politically acceptable method to achieve environmentally
appropriate and economically viable remediation of soils and groundwater
contaminated by hydrocarbon leaks and spills. "
Mr.
John M. Shauver of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) in his
address entitled "Cooperative Bioremediation Research for Michigan CoBioReM--The
Regulator's Perspective" spoke of the skepticism of the Michigan regulatory
community regarding bioremediation. He indicated that "This skepticism was
based on years of misrepresentation and misapplication of bioremediation
technology." Mr. Shauver went on to say that he thought that, because of
the CoBioReM project, "the regulator was in a win/win situation". This
was due to CoBioReM's desire "to determine what soil bacteria could
do".
Another
one of the presenters was Mr. Jerome J. Kukor of the Department of Microbiology
and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. In his
report, "Fundamentals of the Bacterial Cell with Reference to
Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons" explains the action of the
enzymes during the bioremediation process.
The
following excerpt from Mr. Kukor's presentation should be helpful to you:
MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY
Nutritional requirements Bacteria
can be classified into four major physiological groups, based on the types of
materials used as carbon and energy sources: (1) chemoorganotrophs that use
reduced organic compounds as their source of energy and carbon; (2)
chemolithotrophs that use a chemical energy source and carbon dioxide as the
principle carbon source, and that obtain energy from the oxidation of reduced
inorganic compounds; (3) photoorganotrophs that use light as the energy source
and an organic compound as the principal carbon source; and (4) photolithotrophs
that use light as the energy source and carbon dioxide as the principal carbon
source. Most bacteria, including those that degrade petroleum hydrocarbons,
are chemoorganotrophs.
In
common with all forms of life, bacteria require water, a source of carbon and
energy, respiratory electron acceptors (for those strains that engage in energy transudation
via respiration), and macronutrients such as phosphorus (in the
form of phosphate) and sulfur (in the form of sulfate) . Potassium is the
primary cation in bacterial cells. It is involved in maintenance of the correct
internal osmotic pressure. The principal form of inorganic nitrogen for
assimilation is ammonium. Magnesium, calcium, and iron are significant cellular
components, primarily as cofactors for essential enzymes. Manganese, molybdenum,
cobalt, copper, and zinc are found in small quantities, bound to a few enzymes.
Unlike humans and other animals, bacteria do not require complex dietary
factors. Bacteria can synthesize all of their complex macromolecular components
from simple precursors.
Anabolism,
catabolism, and energy transudation
Inside
each bacterial cell, about 10,000 different chemical reactions take place in
order for the cell to grow and function. All of these transformations and
reactions are dependent on enzymes. The suite of enzymes synthesized by a
bacterial cell determines, among other things, whether a complex carbon and
energy source can be utilized by a particular strain as a growth substrate. Enzymes
are biological catalysts that lower the activation energy required for a chemical
As
you can see enzymes are responsible for the speed of migration of the bacteria
and thus resemble surface tension depressants and penetrates, but are only
natural occurring phenomenon which in this case assists the bacteria to their
feast.
We
thank you for your time as we have attempted to explain the part that enzymes
play in the bioremediation process.
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